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The formula

Standard combinations choose r items from n without order: nCr = n!/[r!(n−r)!]. With repetition allowed, combinations are C(n+r−1, r). Circular grouping contexts still use unordered selection rules unless seating order itself matters.

nCr = n!/[r!(n−r)!] · with repetition: C(n+r−1, r)

Worked example

  1. Standard combination with n = 5 and r = 3.
  2. nCr = 5!/[3!(5−3)!] = 5!/(3!·2!).
  3. Result: 10 unique groups.

Result: 5C3 = 10

How combination counts are computed

Combination formulas count unordered groups. Selecting the same members in a different order is still one combination.

Standard combination (nCr)

Use this when you select r distinct items from n distinct options and order does not matter. Valid for non-negative integers with n ≥ r.

Combination with repetition

Use this when items can repeat in a group (for example, choosing scoops where flavors can repeat). Formula: C(n+r−1, r).

Relation to permutation

Permutations count arrangements; combinations collapse those arrangements into one group. nCr = nPr / r!.

Input constraints

Inputs should be whole numbers. Very large values can exceed practical display limits, so use realistic ranges for planning tasks.

Interesting facts

Order is ignored

Team {A,B,C} is the same combination as {C,B,A}; only membership matters.

Pascal triangle connection

Each binomial coefficient in Pascal’s triangle is a combination value nCr.

Combinations grow quickly

Even moderate values can be large, such as 52C5 = 2,598,960 poker hands.

Frequently asked questions

Combination ignores order; permutation counts order. Use combinations for group selection, permutations for ranking or arrangement.

Use nCr when choosing r items from n without repetition and without caring about order.

Use repetition mode when the same option can appear multiple times in one selection.

No. Standard combinations require n ≥ r.

No. Combination counting uses non-negative integers.

For educational and planning use only.

Last reviewed: 2026-08-15 — Reviewed by: Editorial Team

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