Finanzas

Calculadora IVA

Calcula el IVA en ambos sentidos: de neto a bruto o extrayendo base e impuesto de un precio con IVA incluido.

Calcular

€

Used when Custom rate is selected.

%

Updates as you type

Resultado

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La fórmula

To add tax: Gross = Net × (1 + rate). Tax = Gross − Net. To extract from an inclusive price: Net = Gross ÷ (1 + rate); Tax = Gross − Net. The rate is applied as a decimal (e.g. 20% → 0.20).

Gross = Net × (1 + r) · Net = Gross ÷ (1 + r) · Tax = Gross − Net

Ejemplo resuelto

  1. Net €100, VAT 20% → Gross = 100 × 1.20 = €120; Tax = €20
  2. Inclusive €120 at 20% → Net = 120 ÷ 1.20 = €100; Tax = €20

Resultado: €100 net · €20 VAT · €120 gross

How VAT add and extract work

VAT is a percentage of the taxable net. Inclusive shelf prices already embed that tax — extraction reverses the markup.

Add tax (exclusive → inclusive)

Start from a net (ex-VAT) amount. Multiply by (1 + r) for the customer-facing gross. This matches B2B quotes that show net + VAT separately.

Extract tax (inclusive → exclusive)

Divide the gross by (1 + r). Do not multiply the gross by the rate — that overstates tax. Example mistake: 20% of €120 = €24, but true VAT in €120 at 20% is €20.

EU rate context

Standard VAT rates differ by country (for example DE 19%, FR 20%, ES 21%, IT 22%, PT 23%, many Nordics 25%). Reduced rates for food/books are not auto-selected — pick the rate that applies to your goods.

Datos interesantes

Never multiply inclusive by the rate

Tax inside a gross price is Gross − Gross/(1+r), not Gross × r.

Standard vs reduced rates

Many EU countries use reduced VAT for essentials. Confirm the rate for your product category.

B2B vs B2C invoices

Business invoices often show net, VAT, and gross on separate lines — same math as this tool.

Sales tax vs VAT

U.S. sales tax is usually added at checkout on the taxable price; VAT is often embedded in shelf prices. The arithmetic for a single rate is the same family.

Custom rates

Choose Custom to enter any percentage — useful for local sales tax or special VAT schemes.

Preguntas frecuentes

Choose Add tax, enter the net amount, and select 20% (or Custom). Gross = net × 1.20.

Choose Extract tax, enter the gross amount and rate. Net = gross ÷ (1 + rate).

Because the rate applies to the net, not the gross. Multiplying an inclusive price by the rate overstates tax.

Use your country’s standard rate for most goods, or the reduced rate if it applies. Presets cover common standards (19–25%).

Referencias

  1. VAT rates — Taxation and Customs Union — European Commission EU VAT framework and rate information.
  2. Sales tax — consumer basics — U.S. Federal Trade Commission General consumer context for checkout taxes and pricing.